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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with State capitalism. (Discuss) |
The theory of state monopoly capitalism ("Stamocap" or "Stamokap" theory) was initially a Marxist doctrine popularised after World War II. Lenin had claimed in 1916 that World War I had transformed laissez-faire capitalism into monopoly capitalism, but he did not publish any extensive theory about the topic. The term refers to an environment where the state intervenes in the economy to protect large monopolistic or oligopolistic businesses from competition by smaller firms (Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought).
Stamocap theory aims to define the final historical stage of capitalism following monopoly capitalism, consistent with Lenin\'s definition of the characteristics of imperialism in his short pamphlet of the same name.
Occasionally the stamocap concept also appears in neo-Trotskyist theories of state capitalism as well as in libertarian anti-state theories. The analysis made is usually identical in its main features, but very different political conclusions are drawn from it.
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The main Marxist-Leninist thesis is that big business, having achieved a monopoly or cartel position in most markets of importance, fuses with the government apparatus. A kind of financial oligarchy or conglomerate therefore results, whereby government officials aim to provide the social and legal framework within which giant corporations can operate most effectively.
This is a close partnership between big business and government, and it is argued that the aim is to integrate labor-unions completely in that partnership.
Different versions of this idea were elaborated by economists of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (e.g. Eugen Varga), East Germany\'s Socialist Unity Party, France\'s Parti Communiste Francais (e.g. Paul Boccara), the Communist Party of Great Britain (e.g. Ben Fine and Laurence Harris), and the American Communist Party of the USA (e.g. Victor Perlo). One of the most prominent examples of Stamocap is modern day Singapore (Stamocap) compared to Hong Kong (individual capitalism).
The strategic political implication of stamocap theory for Marxist-Leninists, towards the end of the Stalin era and afterwards, was that the labour movement should form a people\'s democratic alliance under the leadership of the Communist Party with the progressive middle classes and small business, against the state and big business (called "monopoly" for short). Sometimes this alliance was also called the "anti-monopoly alliance".
In neo-Trotskyist theory, however, such an alliance was rejected as being based either on a false strategy of popular fronts, or on political opportunism, said to be incompatible either with a permanent revolution or with the principle of independent working class political action.
The state in Soviet-type societies was redefined by the neo-Trotskyists as being also state-monopoly capitalist. There was no difference between the West and the East in this regard. Consequently, some kind of anti-bureaucratic revolution was said to be required, but different Trotskyist groups quarreled about what form such a revolution would need to take, or could take.
Some Trotskyists believed the anti-bureaucratic revolution would happen spontaneously, inevitably and naturally, others believed it needed to be organised - the aim being to establish a society owned and operated by the working class. According to the neo-Trotskyists, the Communist Party could not play its leading role, because it did not represent the interests of the working class.
Market anarchists typically criticize Neoliberal forces for inconsistent or hypocritical application of Neoliberal theory regarding Stamocap; that in those inconsistencies exist the basis of continued selective state guaranteed privileges for the plutocratic neoliberal elite"THE IRON FIST BEHIND THE INVISIBLE HAND: Corporate Capitalism As a State-Guaranteed System of Privilege" by Kevin A. Carson [1]. Generally, they envision a more consistently pro-market revolt would necessarily be a more petty bourgeois affair.
The stamocap concept was to a large extent either modified or abandoned in the era of eurocommunism, because it came to be believed that the state apparatus could be reformed to reflect the interests of the working majority. In other words, the fusion between the state and big business postulated earlier was not so tight, that it could not be undone by a mass movement from below, under the leadership of the Communist Party (or its central committee).
Critics of the stamocap theory (by e.g. Ernest Mandel and Leo Kofler) claimed that:
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